Used in advanced materials for enhancing mechanical strength and electrical conductivity in composites, making them ideal for aerospace, automotive, and sports equipment industries. They are also applied in energy storage systems, such as batteries and supercapacitors, due to their high surface area and efficient charge transfer properties. In electronics, they serve as key components in sensors, transistors, and conductive films. Additionally, their functionalized form is utilized in biomedical applications, including drug delivery systems and tissue engineering scaffolds, owing to their biocompatibility and ability to interact with biological molecules. In environmental applications, they are used in water filtration and purification to remove toxins and contaminants, leveraging their high surface area for adsorption. Their purification ensures minimal impurities, making them suitable for high-precision applications.