Used in advanced materials for enhancing mechanical strength and electrical conductivity in composites, making them ideal for aerospace and automotive industries. Applied in energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors to improve performance and charge-discharge cycles. Utilized in sensors and electronic components due to their high sensitivity and conductivity. Incorporated in water purification systems for efficient adsorption of contaminants. Also employed in biomedical applications for drug delivery and imaging due to their unique properties.