Used extensively in electronics for enhancing conductivity in circuits and components. Applied in energy storage, particularly in lithium-ion batteries, to improve charge capacity and cycle life. Utilized in composite materials to increase strength and durability while reducing weight, making them ideal for aerospace and automotive industries. Employed in sensors for detecting gases and chemicals due to their high surface area and sensitivity. Incorporated in coatings and films to provide thermal and electrical conductivity. Also explored in medical applications for drug delivery systems and imaging technologies.