β-Lactose is widely used in the food industry as a sweetener and bulking agent, particularly in dairy products, baked goods, and confectionery. It enhances texture and flavor while providing a mild sweetness. In the pharmaceutical sector, it serves as an excipient in tablet and capsule formulations, aiding in drug delivery by improving compressibility and stability. Additionally, it is utilized in microbiology as a component of culture media to support the growth of certain bacteria. Its role in infant nutrition is also significant, as it is a key carbohydrate in milk-based formulas, contributing to energy and digestive health.