Widely used as a disinfectant and sterilizing agent, this chemical is essential in healthcare settings for cold sterilization of medical equipment such as endoscopes, dialysis machines, and surgical instruments. It effectively kills bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, making it ideal for high-level disinfection where heat sterilization is not feasible. In laboratories, it serves as a fixative in electron microscopy, preserving cellular structures by cross-linking proteins. It is also used in tissue fixation for histology and pathology studies due to its strong tissue-hardening properties. In the oil and gas industry, it acts as a biocide to control microbial growth in drilling fluids and pipelines, preventing biofouling and corrosion caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Another key application is in water treatment systems, where it controls microbial contamination in industrial water circuits, cooling towers, and paper mill systems. It is also utilized in the production of tanning agents for leather and as a cross-linking agent in biomaterials and enzyme immobilization processes.