Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are widely used as prebiotics in the food and beverage industry to promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, such as *Bifidobacteria* and *Lactobacilli*. They are commonly added to functional foods, including yogurt, cereals, and dietary supplements, to enhance digestive health and improve gut microbiota balance. FOS also serve as low-calorie sweeteners in sugar-free or reduced-sugar products, making them suitable for individuals managing diabetes or weight. In the pharmaceutical sector, they are incorporated into formulations to support immune function and alleviate symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders like constipation. Additionally, FOS are utilized in animal feed to improve gut health and nutrient absorption in livestock and pets. Their ability to enhance mineral absorption, particularly calcium and magnesium, further extends their application in bone health products.