Used in organic electronics due to its strong hole-transport properties and thermal stability. Commonly applied as a key building block in organic semiconductors for OLEDs (organic light-emitting diodes) and OPVs (organic photovoltaics). Its planar, conjugated structure enables efficient π-π stacking, enhancing charge carrier mobility in thin-film transistors. Also explored in perovskite solar cells as a dopant-free hole-transport material to improve device efficiency and stability. Shows promise in electrochromic devices and sensors due to reversible redox behavior and tunable optoelectronic properties through functionalization.