Panobinostat is primarily used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer. It works as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, which helps to slow or stop the growth of cancer cells by altering gene expression. This drug is typically administered when other treatments have not been effective, often in combination with other medications like bortezomib and dexamethasone to enhance its efficacy. Its role in targeting specific pathways in cancer cells makes it a valuable option in advanced therapeutic strategies for managing this complex disease.