ML329 is primarily used in research settings as a selective inhibitor of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). By blocking MCU activity, it helps scientists study the role of mitochondrial calcium uptake in cellular processes such as energy production, apoptosis, and signaling pathways. It has been applied in studies related to cardiovascular diseases, where dysregulated calcium handling contributes to cell damage, particularly in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Additionally, ML329 has been used to investigate cancer cell metabolism, as altered mitochondrial calcium levels can influence tumor growth and survival. Its application allows for precise modulation of mitochondrial calcium without affecting other cellular calcium channels, making it a valuable tool in mechanistic studies.