MSX-122 is primarily used in research settings as a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. It has shown potential in enhancing immune responses, particularly in cancer immunotherapy. By blocking the A2A receptor, MSX-122 helps reduce immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, allowing T cells to remain active and attack cancer cells more effectively. It is also being explored for use in combination with other immunotherapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors, to improve treatment outcomes. Due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, it has additional interest in neurological research, including studies on Parkinson’s disease, where modulation of adenosine receptors can influence motor control and neuroinflammation.