Adenanthin is primarily studied for its potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. It functions as a selective inhibitor of peroxiredoxin I and II, two antioxidant enzymes that are often overexpressed in cancer cells and contribute to tumor cell survival. By inhibiting these enzymes, adenanthin induces oxidative stress in cancer cells, leading to apoptosis. It has shown promising activity against leukemia and other tumor cell lines in preclinical studies. Additionally, adenanthin’s unique mechanism of targeting redox regulation in cells makes it a valuable tool compound for studying oxidative stress pathways and developing novel anticancer agents. Research is ongoing to explore its efficacy and safety for potential use in oncology.