Birinapant is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer therapy, particularly in targeting and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. It functions as a SMAC mimetic, which means it inhibits inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), leading to the activation of cell death pathways in malignant cells. This mechanism is especially promising in treating cancers that are resistant to conventional therapies. Additionally, birinapant has shown potential in enhancing the efficacy of other treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation, by sensitizing tumor cells to these therapies. Research is also exploring its role in combination with immunotherapies to boost the immune system's ability to fight cancer. Its application extends to preclinical studies for various cancers, including hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, making it a candidate for future targeted cancer treatments.