Diflomotecan is primarily used in the field of oncology as a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor. Its application is focused on the treatment of various cancers, particularly solid tumors. By inhibiting topoisomerase I, it prevents the enzyme from relieving torsional strain in DNA during replication, leading to DNA damage and ultimately inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. This compound is often explored in clinical trials to evaluate its efficacy and safety in treating advanced or refractory cancers. It is sometimes used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to enhance its anti-tumor effects. Additionally, its pharmacological properties are studied to optimize dosing regimens and minimize adverse effects, making it a promising candidate in cancer therapy research.