PX-12 is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer therapy due to its ability to inhibit thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), a protein involved in cellular redox regulation and antioxidant defense. By targeting Trx-1, PX-12 disrupts redox balance in cancer cells, leading to increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. It has shown antitumor activity in preclinical models of various cancers, including pancreatic, colon, and breast cancer. PX-12 also enhances the effectiveness of other anticancer agents, such as radiation and chemotherapy, by sensitizing resistant tumor cells. Additionally, its role in modulating inflammatory pathways suggests potential applications in inflammatory diseases, though research remains focused on oncology. Due to its mechanism, PX-12 is considered a promising candidate for targeted therapy in tumors with elevated thioredoxin system activity.