MDL-28170 is widely used in research as a potent and selective inhibitor of calpain, a family of calcium-dependent proteases. Its primary application is in studying the role of calpain in various cellular processes, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases, where calpain overactivation is often implicated. Researchers utilize it to investigate mechanisms of neuronal cell death, such as in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ischemic brain injury. Additionally, it is employed in experimental models to understand calpain's involvement in muscle degradation, apoptosis, and inflammation. MDL-28170 is also used in pharmacological studies to explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting calpain inhibition. Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier makes it particularly valuable in neuroscience research.