Tris-HCl buffer is widely used in molecular biology and biochemistry for maintaining stable pH levels in various experimental procedures. It is a key component in DNA and RNA electrophoresis, ensuring optimal conditions for the separation of nucleic acids. In protein studies, it is employed for protein purification, crystallization, and electrophoresis, as it provides a consistent pH environment. Tris-HCl buffer is also utilized in cell culture media to stabilize pH during cell growth and maintenance. Additionally, it serves as a buffering agent in enzyme assays and immunohistochemistry, ensuring accurate and reproducible results. Its versatility and reliability make it a staple in laboratories for a wide range of applications.