Tris-HCl buffer is widely used in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories to maintain a stable pH environment, typically in the range of 7.0 to 9.0. It is commonly employed in procedures such as protein electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), enzyme assays, and DNA and RNA extraction, where consistent pH is critical for preserving biomolecule structure and function. Due to its low UV absorbance and compatibility with many biological systems, Tris-HCl is preferred in spectrophotometric analyses and cell lysis buffers. It is also a key component in running buffers for nucleic acid gel electrophoresis and in the preparation of solutions for chromatography and crystallization. Its effectiveness over a physiologically relevant pH range makes it indispensable in research involving enzymes, nucleic acids, and cellular components.