Tris-HCl buffer is widely used in biological and biochemical research due to its effective buffering range in the physiological pH region (typically pH 7.0 to 9.0). It is commonly employed in nucleic acid and protein experiments, including DNA and RNA electrophoresis, where it helps maintain a stable pH environment for enzyme activity and sample integrity. It is a key component in many cell lysis and extraction buffers, supporting the solubilization of cellular components while preserving biomolecule structure. Tris-HCl is also used in chromatography, enzyme assays, and Western blotting, where consistent pH control is essential for accurate and reproducible results. Its compatibility with many biological systems makes it a standard choice in molecular biology laboratories.