Tris-HCl buffer is widely used in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories to maintain a stable pH environment, typically in the range of 7.0 to 9.0. It is commonly employed in DNA and RNA extraction protocols, where it helps stabilize nucleic acids and supports the activity of enzymes such as restriction endonucleases and polymerases. It is a key component in electrophoresis buffers, especially in agarose and SDS-PAGE gel systems, ensuring consistent charge and mobility of biomolecules during separation. Tris-HCl is also used in protein purification, cell lysis buffers, and enzyme assays due to its low interference with many biochemical reactions. Its ability to remain stable across a range of temperatures makes it suitable for use in both room temperature and cold lab procedures.