Tris-HCl buffer is widely used in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories to maintain a stable pH environment, typically in the range of 7.0 to 9.0. It is commonly employed in procedures such as protein electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), enzyme assays, and nucleic acid purification due to its effective buffering capacity under physiological conditions. Tris-HCl is a key component in many running and sample buffers, ensuring consistent pH during electrophoretic separation. It is also used in cell lysis buffers and chromatography to stabilize proteins and preserve their activity. Its compatibility with biological systems and low interference with biochemical reactions make it a preferred choice in numerous research and diagnostic applications.