Widely used in biological and biochemical research, this buffer maintains a stable pH environment, essential for preserving the structure and function of biomolecules. It is commonly employed in cell culture applications to rinse cells and tissues without causing damage due to pH shifts. Frequently used in immunoassays such as ELISA and immunohistochemistry to dilute antibodies and block nonspecific binding sites. Also serves as a solvent or diluent in protein and nucleic acid purification procedures. Its isotonic and non-toxic nature makes it suitable for use in physiological experiments and diagnostic applications. Additionally, it is used in washing steps of Western blotting and flow cytometry to maintain ionic strength and pH during detection processes.