Used in biochemical and analytical laboratories to maintain a stable pH in solutions, especially in enzymatic reactions where pH control is critical. Commonly applied in DNA and protein extraction protocols due to its ability to stabilize pH between 9 and 10. Also utilized in electrophoresis buffers and chromatography techniques. Its dual buffering capacity from both carbonate and bicarbonate components makes it effective in systems requiring resistance to pH changes over a broad range. Additionally, employed in environmental testing and water quality analysis for sample preservation.