Used to maintain stable pH in biological and biochemical experiments, especially in cell cultures and enzyme reactions. Commonly applied in molecular biology for DNA and RNA extraction, as it helps preserve nucleic acid integrity. Also used in protein purification and electrophoresis to ensure optimal pH conditions. Frequently found in pharmaceutical formulations to adjust and stabilize pH. Suitable for use in diagnostic assays and microbial growth media due to its non-toxic nature and effective buffering capacity in physiological pH ranges.