Widely used in biological research and diagnostic applications, this buffer maintains a stable pH environment essential for preserving the structure and function of biomolecules. It is commonly used in cell culture workflows for washing cells, diluting substances, and as a solvent in immunological assays such as ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Its isotonic and non-toxic nature makes it suitable for handling live cells and tissues. It is also used in protein purification, flow cytometry, and microscopy to maintain physiological conditions during sample preparation. Additionally, it serves as a diluent or rinse solution in clinical diagnostics and pharmaceutical formulations.