Used in cell culture media as a stabilizer and buffering agent, particularly in stem cell and hybridoma cultures where pH control is critical. Enhances cell viability and supports consistent cell growth by maintaining optimal physiological pH. Also investigated for its role in metabolic studies related to cancer and mitochondrial function due to its structural similarity to α-ketoglutarate, an important intermediate in the Krebs cycle. Shows potential in epigenetic research, as it may influence histone and DNA methylation processes by modulating key metabolic enzymes.