Used in biochemical and analytical applications where a stable pH environment is required, particularly in the range of pH 4.0 to 5.5. Commonly employed in chromatography, electrophoresis, and extraction procedures to maintain consistent acidity. Frequently utilized in DNA and protein purification protocols due to its compatibility with biological molecules. Also applied in the preparation of samples for mass spectrometry, as it is volatile and less likely to interfere with detection. Suitable for use in cell lysis buffers and enzyme assays where minimal ionic interference is desired.