Carbonate buffer is widely used in various biochemical and molecular biology applications to maintain a stable pH environment. It is commonly employed in cell culture media to ensure optimal growth conditions for cells by neutralizing acidic byproducts. In electrophoresis, carbonate buffer helps in maintaining the pH during the separation of proteins and nucleic acids. It is also utilized in clinical diagnostics for blood gas analysis and in environmental testing to measure the alkalinity of water samples. Additionally, carbonate buffer plays a crucial role in chromatography techniques, particularly in ion-exchange chromatography, where it aids in the separation and purification of biomolecules. Its ability to stabilize pH makes it essential in many laboratory procedures and industrial processes.