Carbonate buffer is widely used in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories to maintain a stable pH environment, particularly in cell culture and enzyme assays. It is essential in processes like DNA and RNA extraction, where precise pH control is crucial for optimal performance. In chromatography, carbonate buffer helps separate and analyze proteins and nucleic acids by maintaining the desired pH range. It is also employed in environmental science for water quality testing, ensuring accurate measurements of pH in aquatic systems. Additionally, carbonate buffer plays a role in medical diagnostics, such as blood gas analysis, to simulate physiological conditions. Its ability to resist pH changes makes it valuable in various scientific and industrial applications.