Sodium bicarbonate buffer is widely used in biological and biochemical research to maintain stable pH levels in various experimental setups. It is particularly essential in cell culture applications, where it helps to regulate the pH of the medium, ensuring optimal conditions for cell growth and viability. In molecular biology, it is employed during DNA and RNA extraction processes to stabilize the pH and prevent degradation of nucleic acids. Additionally, it is used in electrophoresis techniques to prepare running buffers, which are critical for separating biomolecules based on size and charge. In medical diagnostics, sodium bicarbonate buffer is utilized in blood gas analysis and other clinical tests to maintain sample integrity and accuracy. It also plays a role in pharmaceutical formulations, where it acts as a buffering agent to control the pH of drug solutions, enhancing their stability and efficacy.