Sodium bicarbonate buffer is widely used in biological and biochemical research to maintain stable pH levels in various experiments. It is essential in cell culture applications, where it helps to regulate the acidity of the medium, ensuring optimal growth conditions for cells. In molecular biology, this buffer is often employed in processes like PCR and electrophoresis to stabilize the pH of the reaction environment, which is critical for enzyme activity and DNA integrity. Additionally, it is used in medical settings, such as in dialysis solutions, to prevent acidosis by neutralizing excess acid in the blood. Its buffering capacity also makes it valuable in pharmaceutical formulations, where it maintains the stability and efficacy of drugs. In environmental science, sodium bicarbonate buffer is utilized in water treatment processes to control pH levels and mitigate the effects of acidic pollutants. Its versatility and effectiveness in maintaining pH balance make it a crucial component in a wide range of scientific and industrial applications.