Bicarbonate buffer is widely used in biological and medical research to maintain stable pH levels in cell cultures and laboratory experiments. It is essential in cell culture media, ensuring optimal conditions for cell growth and function by mimicking the natural buffering system found in the human body. In clinical diagnostics, it is used in blood gas analysis to assess acid-base balance in patients. Additionally, it plays a critical role in biochemical assays and enzyme studies, where precise pH control is necessary for accurate results. In pharmaceuticals, bicarbonate buffer is employed in the formulation of injectable drugs and dialysis solutions to maintain physiological pH. It is also utilized in environmental science to study water quality and buffer natural systems against pH fluctuations.