Citrate buffer is widely used in molecular biology and biochemistry for maintaining stable pH conditions in various experimental procedures. It is commonly employed in agarose gel electrophoresis to ensure optimal DNA and RNA separation. In immunohistochemistry, citrate buffer is utilized for antigen retrieval, enhancing the detection of specific proteins in tissue samples. Additionally, it serves as a buffering agent in enzyme assays, ensuring consistent enzymatic activity. In pharmaceutical formulations, citrate buffer helps stabilize drug compounds and control pH in injectable solutions. Its ability to chelate metal ions also makes it useful in preventing oxidation in certain biochemical reactions.