Citrate buffer is widely used in various biochemical and molecular biology applications due to its ability to maintain a stable pH environment. It is commonly employed in immunoassays, such as ELISA, where it helps in antigen-antibody binding by providing optimal pH conditions. In histology, citrate buffer is utilized for antigen retrieval, a process that enhances the detection of proteins in tissue samples by breaking cross-links formed during fixation. It also plays a crucial role in electrophoresis, particularly in DNA and protein separation, ensuring consistent pH levels for accurate results. Additionally, citrate buffer is used in cell culture applications to maintain physiological pH, supporting cell growth and viability. Its buffering capacity and compatibility with biological systems make it a versatile reagent in laboratory research and diagnostics.