Mcilvaine Buffer (0.2M, pH 2.5) is a citric acid-sodium phosphate buffer widely used in biochemical and microbiological research for maintaining stable acidic pH levels in various experimental conditions. It is particularly effective in enzyme assays under low pH, where precise control is crucial for accurate results. The buffer is also utilized in cell culture studies requiring acidic environments to ensure optimal conditions for specific cell types. In molecular biology, it is employed in nucleic acid extraction and purification processes at low pH, helping to stabilize conditions during critical steps. Additionally, it is used in the preparation of staining solutions for microscopy in acidic media, ensuring that the pH does not interfere with the staining process. As a ready-to-use liquid solution, its reliability makes it a valuable tool in laboratory applications needing pH 2.5 stability.