HEPES buffer is widely used in biological and biochemical research for maintaining stable pH levels in cell cultures and enzymatic reactions. It is particularly valued for its effectiveness in the pH range of 6.8 to 8.2, making it suitable for various cell culture media and protein studies. HEPES is also employed in electrophoresis, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biology techniques like PCR and DNA sequencing, where precise pH control is critical. Additionally, it is used in drug development and toxicity testing to ensure consistent experimental conditions. Its minimal interference with biological processes and metal ion chelation properties further enhance its utility in sensitive applications.