Used in molecular biology and biochemistry to maintain stable pH conditions during experiments. Commonly employed in electrophoresis, particularly for DNA and RNA separation, to ensure optimal performance. Also utilized in protein purification and enzyme assays to provide a consistent environment for reactions. Acts as a buffering agent in cell culture media to support cell growth and maintain physiological pH. Frequently applied in diagnostic kits and reagents to stabilize pH-sensitive components. Suitable for use in chromatography to maintain the integrity of samples and improve separation efficiency.