Used as a buffering agent in biochemical and molecular biology applications, particularly in cell culture and protein purification processes. Its buffering range makes it effective in maintaining stable pH in physiological conditions. Commonly found in electrophoresis buffers and enzyme assays where pH stability is critical. Also utilized in some pharmaceutical formulations to control acidity and improve solubility of active ingredients. Shows low toxicity and good solubility, making it suitable for use in cell-based systems. Interacts minimally with metal ions, reducing interference in enzymatic reactions.