Used as a stable pH buffer in biochemical and molecular biology experiments, particularly in enzyme assays and electrophoresis. Effective in maintaining pH in the range of 8.0 to 10.5, making it suitable for alkaline conditions where other buffers may fail. Commonly employed in protein purification, DNA extraction, and cell lysis procedures due to its compatibility with biological molecules. Also used in chromatography and spectrophotometric analyses where consistent pH control is critical.