Used in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories to maintain a stable pH environment during experiments, particularly in processes like electrophoresis and chromatography. Effective in DNA and protein analysis due to its ability to stabilize pH in the range of 4.5 to 5.5. Commonly employed in enzyme assays where consistent acidic conditions are required for optimal activity. Also utilized in sample preparation for mass spectrometry due to its volatility and compatibility with sensitive detection methods.