Used primarily in biological and biochemical research, it serves as a balanced salt solution to maintain pH and osmotic balance in cell cultures. It is commonly employed for washing cells during experiments, diluting reagents, and as a base for creating various media formulations. Its compatibility with living cells makes it ideal for use in cell-based assays, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, it is utilized in diagnostic applications, such as preparing samples for analysis or as a transport medium for tissue specimens. Its non-toxic nature ensures minimal interference with biological processes, making it a staple in laboratory settings.