BMS-986158 is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer therapy. It functions as a BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal) inhibitor, targeting proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression. By inhibiting BET proteins, it disrupts the transcription of oncogenes, which are crucial for cancer cell growth and survival. This makes it a promising candidate for treating various cancers, including hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate its efficacy, safety, and optimal dosing in patients, particularly in combination with other anticancer therapies. Its ability to modulate gene expression also opens possibilities for addressing other diseases influenced by epigenetic dysregulation.