Used as a buffering agent in cleaning products and laundry detergents to maintain pH stability. Acts as a water softener by binding to minerals like calcium and magnesium. Employed in the production of fiberglass, ceramics, and glazes for its fluxing properties that lower melting temperatures. Found in insecticides, particularly for ant and cockroach control. Used in biochemistry for preparing borate buffer solutions in electrophoresis and nucleic acid handling. Serves as a fire retardant in wood and textile treatments. Also utilized in the manufacture of slime and other educational toys due to its cross-linking ability with polymers like polyvinyl alcohol.