Used as a flame retardant in textiles, paper, and wood products due to its ability to release water and form a protective boron oxide layer when heated. Also serves as a buffering agent in electroplating baths and as a source of boron in ceramic glazes and glass manufacturing. Commonly applied in metal surface treatment processes to improve corrosion resistance. Used in some fireproofing formulations and as a precursor in the synthesis of other boron compounds.