Antibody Dilution Buffer is essential in Western blotting for optimizing the performance of primary and secondary antibodies. It ensures antibodies are diluted to the appropriate concentration, reducing non-specific binding and background noise. This buffer maintains antibody stability and activity during incubation, leading to clearer and more accurate detection of target proteins. It typically contains blocking agents like BSA or non-fat milk to minimize false positives. By providing a consistent environment, it enhances the reliability and reproducibility of Western blot results, making it a critical component in protein analysis and research.