Used in pharmaceuticals for treating gastrointestinal disorders, such as in bismuth subsalicylate for diarrhea and upset stomach. Employed in lead-free alloys for applications requiring low toxicity, including plumbing and bearings. Applied in cosmetics, especially in pearlescent pigments for eye shadows and nail polishes due to its refractive properties. Utilized in fire detection and suppression systems as part of fusible alloys that melt at low temperatures. Also used in thermoelectric materials and as a catalyst in chemical synthesis.