Used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in selective oxidation reactions and coupling processes. Employed in the preparation of bismuth-containing ceramics and electronic materials due to its thermal stability and electrical properties. Applied in pharmaceutical formulations as an antacid and protective agent for gastrointestinal disorders. Utilized in the synthesis of other bismuth-based compounds for use in cosmetics, pigments, and fire retardants. Also investigated for its role in environmental chemistry, such as the degradation of pollutants under photocatalytic conditions.