Bismuth finds extensive use in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in medications for treating gastrointestinal disorders. It is a key ingredient in compounds like bismuth subsalicylate, which effectively alleviates symptoms of diarrhea, heartburn, and upset stomach. Additionally, bismuth is employed in the production of cosmetics, such as eyeshadows and lipsticks, due to its pearlescent properties. In metallurgy, it serves as a non-toxic substitute for lead in alloys, improving machinability and lowering melting points. Bismuth compounds are also utilized in catalysts for chemical reactions and in the manufacturing of certain types of glass and ceramics. Its ability to absorb X-rays makes it valuable in medical imaging and radiation shielding applications.