Used as a ligand in coordination chemistry, particularly in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and catalytic complexes. Its structure allows for strong binding to transition metals, making it valuable in designing catalysts for organic transformations and environmental remediation processes. Also applied in the development of luminescent materials and sensors due to its ability to enhance electronic properties when coordinated with metal ions. Investigated for use in photovoltaic systems and electrochemical devices owing to its electron-accepting characteristics and stability in conjugated systems.