Used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of ligands for transition metal catalysts, particularly in cross-coupling reactions. It plays an important role in preparing bipyridine-based chelating agents that enhance the stability and activity of metal complexes in catalysis. Commonly applied in the development of ruthenium and iridium complexes for photoredox catalysis and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Also utilized in materials science for constructing metallo-supramolecular architectures and sensors due to its ability to coordinate with various metal ions.