Used in targeted drug delivery systems due to their uniform size and magnetic responsiveness, enabling precise control and release of therapeutic agents under external magnetic fields. Their surface functional groups allow for easy conjugation with drugs, antibodies, or imaging agents. Also applied in bioseparation processes, where they facilitate rapid isolation of biomolecules like DNA or proteins from complex mixtures. Commonly employed in diagnostic assays and enzyme immobilization for biocatalysis, offering high surface area and stability. Additionally, utilized in environmental applications for removal of heavy metals or organic pollutants from wastewater through magnetic separation.